1. Before 10 days old: (day age + 2) g
2. Age 10-20 days: (age +1) g
3. 20-50 days old: grams of material = day old
4. Age 51-150 days: 50+ (age-50 days)/2
5. Breeding chickens over 150 days old: stable over 100g
6. Egg production peak: about 120g
7. According to the above calculation method, the accumulated feed consumption of one hen reaches 150 days of age is 8.84kg, and the annual feed consumption of laying hens is 36.5kg, which can basically meet the needs of laying eggs.
1). 1-10 days old: the first day: 6g, then increase by 4g per day, such as: 7 days: 30g
2). 11-20 days old: (day age-2)/10 *50 such as: 15 days: 65g
3). 21-30 days old: (day age-1)/10 *50 such as: 26 days 125g
4). 31-40 days old: daily age/10*50 such as: 175g in 35 days
5). 40-50 days old: 200g
Under normal circumstances, when fed with full-price feed, each chicken eats 4.5kg in total, and the average weight can reach 2.5kg. Usually, the chickens should not exceed the daily feed intake during breeding. If it exceeds, the chickens are considered abnormal. , In the process of feeding and management, it is necessary to appropriately limit its feed intake, otherwise the chickens are prone to disease or difficult to control after the disease.
3. Clinical application of several Escherichia coli drugs:
◆They are both Escherichia coli drugs, but their characteristics are different. Only by making full use of their characteristics, the disease will be treated with half the effort. Cephalosporin (containing fosfomycin sodium and calcium) in the treatment of swollen head syndrome has a significant effect after 1-2 hours. It is the fastest drug for the treatment of swollen head syndrome. It is similar to lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The combination is synergistic. First use apramycin for 2 hours and then use fluoroquinolones to use time difference therapy, and the effect is good.
◆Florfenicol has the characteristics of quick-acting and long-acting, long half-life, long-lasting effective blood drug concentration in the body, and also has a certain curative effect on the respiratory tract.
4. Birds go through several moults from brooding to maturity:
◆From brooding to body maturity, feathers need to be replaced 4 times, respectively at 4-5 weeks, 7-8 weeks, 12-13 weeks, and 18-20 weeks. At this stage, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition, especially protein (Sulfur-containing amino acids), increase temperature, prevent respiratory tract!
5. Egg laying time of poultry:
◆Theoretically, 12:00 noon every day is the time for the release of egg yolk or ovulation, 13:00-17:00 is the time for egg white and eggshell membrane formation, 16:00-8:00 is the time for eggshell formation, 8:00 Around 00 is the egg laying time, and 4:00-20:00 is the light time of the chickens and the feeding time of the chickens.
6. The acidity and alkalinity of the digestive tract of poultry:
◆All parts of the digestive tract of poultry are acidic, and the PH value is the most in the intestines. The alkalinity of the intestine is neutralized by bile, so it is acidic.
7. The difference between the original powder and the finished drug:
◆From 2005.10.1, the management of original powder is prohibited. Due to the incorrect use of the original powder, drug-resistant strains appear rapidly, the mutation rate of bacteria and viruses is much faster than that of research and development, the disease is more difficult to treat, and a vicious cycle occurs. E. coli is becoming more and more difficult to treat.
◆Original powder: a. low solubility; b. large side effects (nephrotoxicity); c. easy to produce drug resistance; d. large dosage.
◆Finished drug: a. Easy to dissolve; b. The formula is reasonable, the effect is fast and good, and the drug effect lasts for a long time; c. There is no drug residue and drug resistance.
8.the characteristics or characteristics of chloramphenicol:
◆The principle of its ban is that it can cause irreversible damage to the bone marrow, affect the hematopoietic and immune organs, and the residue can cause aplastic anemia, leukemia, etc. Its characteristics: heat-resistant, boiled for 5 hours without damage, easy to fail in case of alkali. Based on such properties, it is added to some traditional Chinese medicines to enhance the effect and increase the amount of mixing materials. But for flocks, it can seriously affect the production performance of chickens.
9. the use of mycoplasma drugs:
◆Current drugs for the treatment of mycoplasma: macrolides: erythromycin, clarithromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, azithromycin; tetracyclines: oxytetracycline, doxycycline; lincomycin, fluorine Quinolones.
◆Clarithromycin is currently the most widely used drug in humans, and its effect is better than that of azithromycin. ◆Enrofloxacin is relatively familiar. In fact, the effect of treating mycoplasma is quite obvious. It is recommended that everyone use the drug at the right time. Doxycycline has been used less in the past two years, and is now more sensitive and less expensive.
10.the use of commonly used disinfectants:
◆Iodine can kill coccidia eggs, so in the event of coccidiosis (enterotoxic syndrome), the effect of drinking water and environmental disinfection is multiplied with half the effort. At the same time, iodine can kill mold. Therefore, such products should be used more in early autumn when mold is prone to occur.
◆Chlorine-containing disinfectants can be used to purify water in places with poor water sources or in places prone to E. coli.
◆Disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium salts can kill Myxobacteria in chicken drinking water pipes, and frequent use can prevent clogging.
◆Potassium permanganate is the mildest disinfectant with the least irritation to the intestines. The maximum dose is 0.01%, and its oxygen ion content is high. Therefore, it can effectively prevent and treat anaerobic bacterial infection when you have intestinal diseases (necrotizing enteritis, enterotoxic syndrome).
11. What role can baking soda play in poultry farming?
①Acid-base balance regulator, acid-base imbalance can cause a series of diseases, and it is usually added to prevent body disorder or sub-health state.
②Promote digestion and increase weight gain.
③Anti-heat stress, the dosage is 0.1-0.5‰.
12. What effect does Vc play on poultry?
◆Vc is involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, collagen and interstitial synthesis, which can reduce the permeability of capillaries, stimulate blood coagulation, accelerate blood coagulation, promote iron absorption in the intestine, and increase the risk of infection. resistance. Involved in detoxification and has antihistamine effects.
◆Frequent use has a good effect on stimulating hematopoiesis, detoxification, relieving summer heat, and adjuvant therapy for high fever diseases.
13. the specific role of protein and energy:
◆When talking about feed, most people would say that the level of protein determines the quality of the feed, but this is not the case. The real evaluation of the quality of the feed is still a feeding experiment. First, high protein may not be able to absorb it; second, whether the protein and energy are in balance. If the protein is too high and the energy is low, the protein will be partially converted into energy to supply its needs, which will cause a lot of waste, which is not worth the gain.
◆Protein raw materials: soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat floss meal.
◆Energy raw materials: corn, vegetable oil, animal oil.
◆Protein is the source of muscle for broilers, and energy determines its growth rate and later fattening degree. For laying hens, protein controls egg weight, and energy determines egg production rate.
14. Check feed quality through autopsy changes:
◆The color of the abdominal and subcutaneous fat at autopsy can judge the quality of corn. Good corn is yellow fat. Hyperplasia of the pancreas is evidence of high soybean meal or miscellaneous meal quality or feather meal content.
15. Use of anthelmintics:
◆Whether it is a nematode or a coccidial drug, it is best to use it in the afternoon. After the action of the drug at night, the dead worms or live worms can be excreted once in the morning, so cleaning and disinfection in the early morning can reduce the chance of recurrence.
16. Chicks' drinking water and eating time:
◆The chicken should drink water 21 hours after hatching, and it is most suitable to start eating 24 hours. If the long-distance transportation does not operate normally according to the predetermined time, the first start of eating must also be carried out 4 hours after the opening of the drink.
◆The chickens after pecking must first drink water and then eat 2-4 hours apart.
17. chicken stocking density:
◆8-12 broilers/m3 according to the size of the chicken house to determine the number of chickens. Winter is more than summer.
◆4 laying hens/cage determine the number of incoming chickens, 40/cage when brooding, 6-10/cage when bred.
18. What is the relationship between the taste and smell of poultry and medication?
◆Chicken has only 29 taste buds, its sense of taste is not sensitive, but its sense of smell is more sensitive. When adding medicine to poultry drinking water or feed, the bitter taste of general medicine does not affect eating and drinking, but when the poultry suffers from indigestion and decreased appetite, the effect of using bitter medicine is extremely poor. Poultry does not discriminate salty taste in feed. Birds have a better olfactory system, so they will reject feed and water that smells of drugs.
19. Management of chicken flocks under high temperature conditions in summer;
①In order to make poultry adapt to high temperature physiologically a. Adopt open poultry house to raise pure line of grandparents and parental poultry in high temperature weather in summer b. Raising the incubation temperature by 0.1°C in the last three days of the incubator will not affect the hatchability c. In the first two or three weeks of brooding, the temperature is raised to 35 degrees, 33 degrees, and 30 degrees respectively. This method is the most effective and completely controlled by the farmers.
②Add anti-stress drugs to resist high temperature. Drink 2g/L electrolytes, 0.5g/LVc, 0.5g/L sodium salicylate or paracetamol before arrest or transfer.
③Adjust the feeding time to 4:00, 18:00, 22:00. During the high temperature period, the feeding trough is empty, and the empty digestive system helps to slow down the rate of basal metabolism of the chickens, thereby reducing the temperature.
20. Feed additives and dosage for anti-heat stress:
◆Sodium bicarbonate 1-4kg/T; paracetamol 250g/T; diazepam 0.5-1.0g/T;
Sodium salicylate 250-500g/T; Chlorpromazine 5--10g/T; Vc 200g/T; Chlorpheniramine maleate 5--10g/T;
Aspirin 0.05-0.20%; honey 3-5% improves palatability and can also be used as a source of potassium to effectively control heat stress symptoms.
◆The above additives can be used alone or at most three, which can effectively relieve heat stress!
21. the use of fumigation disinfection:
◆For each cubic meter of space, use 28ml of formalin, 14g of potassium permanganate, and 14ml of water. The fumigation time is 24 hours. It is best to close the chicken house for more than two weeks after disinfection. If it is disinfected with solid formaldehyde, 3.5g/m3 can be placed in the heat source.
22. What is the reason for less fog during fumigation and disinfection?
◆At present, fumigation is still one of the best methods, but the disadvantage is that the operation process is strict, the indoor temperature is 20℃, and the humidity is about 60%. If the fog is less, the humidity of the air is low, so it is enough to increase the humidity.
23. Why is the brooding period the period with the highest morbidity and mortality in the flock?
①The external environment of chicks changes after hatching, and they need to adapt, so they are in a state of stress, and management should be strengthened to make them adapt as soon as possible.
②The chicks are infected with bacteria or poison, and the physique is weak. Improper preventive medicine will lead to death, so it is very important for the chicks to open the mouth.
24. The most common age of onset of bursa:
◆The bursa is a unique central immune organ of birds. The bursa of the 60-day-old chicks is the most developed, and then gradually shrinks and disappears in adulthood. It is a sac-like structure filled with lymphoid tissue. The early body resistance comes from this, so damage to the bursa affects the immune response.
25. Immunization methods and specific requirements for poultry:
◆Nasal drops, eye drops: form antibodies in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract to prevent diseases that can be transmitted by the respiratory tract. The method of operation is to wait for the corns or nose to absorb the vaccine and then put it back into the flock to ensure the effect.
◆Drinking water: Form strong antibodies in the digestive tract to prevent diseases that can be transmitted by the digestive tract. The operation method does not require metal containers. The water requirement is deep well water, which needs to be placed for 24 hours. Tap water cannot be used. When applying the bursa vaccine, add 0.5% nonfat dry milk to protect the vaccine.
◆Intramuscular, subcutaneous injection: It will form blood circulating antibodies. Intramuscular injection will prevent stabbing the liver. Subcutaneous injection is placed in the subcutaneous 1/3 of the neck. If it is too close to the head, it will cause swelling of the head and eyelids. Whether injecting oil vaccine or water vaccine, it is necessary to prevent the vaccine from being drawn back into the needle.
◆Spraying: It is one of the better methods, because it simulates natural infection, so the effect is the best, but the requirements are very high, and it is not suitable to be implemented in family farms.
◆Anal application: It is a way to prevent throat transmission.
26. How much water should be added when the vaccine is diluted with the four different vaccine methods?
◆Take 1,000 immunized chickens as an example:
(1) Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection: 200ml for 1 week old, 200ml for 2-4 weeks old, 200-500ml for 5-10 weeks old, 200-500ml for 10 weeks old and above.
(2) Nasal drops or eye drops: Dilute with 25-30ml of water in each phase.
(3) Drinking water: 5000ml for one week old, 10000ml for 2-4 weeks old, 20000ml for 5-10 weeks old, and 40000ml for over 10 weeks old.
(4) Spray: add 300ml for one week old, 500ml for 2-4 weeks old, 1000ml for 5-10 weeks old, and 2000ml for over 10 weeks old.
27. Advantages and disadvantages of several vaccines against Newcastle disease:
Clone-30
Advantages: It does not affect maternal antibodies, has low toxicity, and has a gentle effect, which can well balance the antibodies of chickens.
Disadvantages: The titer of the formed antibody is low and the maintenance time is short.
Ⅳ series
Advantages: The toxicity is slightly stronger than that of C30, and its antibody maintains a long time. It is currently the most widely used vaccine.
Disadvantage: It can cause uneven antibodies in chickens.
Series I
Advantages: It is a strong poison in poisoning, which can stimulate the body to produce interferon, and the antibody maintains for a long time. It is a vaccine that must be used in basic immunity.
Disadvantages: It is highly toxic and is only suitable for use after two months of age. The use of laying hens can cause egg production to decline.
28. What are the requirements for drinking water immunity, and the specific operation?
①The ideal state of drinking water immunity is to finish drinking water within an hour, and it is required to cut off water before drinking. The length of time depends on the weather.
②The best water for immunity should be distilled water or cold boiled water, and the last should be deep well water. Tap water contains bleaching powder, so it is best not to use it.
If it must be used, it must be dried for 8 hours before adding a dechlorination agent, that is, add 3-10ml of 10% sodium thiosulfate per 10L of water.
③In order to ensure the effect, it is best to add a vaccine protective agent to the water, such as 0.2-0.5% of skim milk powder.
④In the hot season, the immunization time should be carried out in the morning, and the high temperature time can be avoided to prevent the effect from being affected.
⑤Disinfectants and antiviral drugs (available in traditional Chinese medicine) should not be used for 3 days before and after immunization, and avoid sunlight when using vaccines.
29. Immunization of avian influenza:
◆Critical protection value of 4-6log2 The first immunization day should be around 10 days old, but because the immune system is not fully developed to affect the response effect, the antibody rises slowly and declines rapidly. 14 days after immunization, the antibody titer can reach 5.86-7.45log2, which can protect the chickens 100%. The antibody can reach the highest peak 28-35 days after immunization, and the 100% protection period is 2 months.
30. Can the emergency vaccination of the Ⅰ series vaccine cure chickenpox well?
◆It can be effectively controlled! After the occurrence of chickenpox, emergency vaccination of 2 times the amount of the I-strain vaccine can effectively control the occurrence and development of chickenpox, because the I-strain vaccine
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