Recently, my country has generally entered continuous high temperature weather. At the same time, the air humidity is high, and the pressure of heatstroke prevention and cooling has greatly increased. Once the birds suffer from heatstroke, their production performance will be reduced or even lead to death due to heat stroke. Take advantage of the emptiness and induce disease. Therefore, doing a good job of preventing heatstroke and cooling down poultry has become the key to the current large-scale poultry farm breeding management, especially environmental control. In order to further implement the safety work deployment of livestock and poultry breeding and deal with the impact of high heat and high humidity on poultry production, the Provincial Animal Husbandry Station has joined hands with the provincial poultry industry technical system and the national laying hen industry technical system post experts and the Jinan Comprehensive Test Station and the national broiler industry technical system. Jinan Comprehensive Test Station, hereby proposes this technical guidance for reference by practitioners.
1. Do a good job of observing the group status of poultry. The temperature and humidity are suitable, the birds live comfortably, and the performance is quiet and natural. If the temperature is too high, the birds will have the phenomenon of "opening their mouths" due to the need for heat dissipation. Diarrhea and loose stools caused by excessive drinking water. For egg-laying flocks, if the temperature in the house exceeds 28°C, the egg-laying performance of the birds will be significantly reduced. When these phenomena occur, it may be that the temperature obviously exceeds the adjustment ability of the poultry itself, and corresponding measures need to be taken.
2. Do a good job in the operation and debugging of environmental control facilities. Modern poultry farming is highly dependent on environmental control facilities for temperature and humidity control. Therefore, debugging in time to ensure the normal operation of the poultry farm machines, and the collection, transmission and display of temperature and humidity information remain normal. For example, due to equipment failure, the temperature display cannot correctly display the temperature, which will cause misjudgment by management and lead to production loss.
3. Do a good job in waterline inspection and maintenance. It is necessary to regularly check the water line and water pressure to ensure the normal water supply of the drinking water facilities to avoid water shortage, production performance decline and death due to abnormal water supply. The risk of drinking water quality and safety at high temperatures also increases. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in cleaning and disinfection of water lines to ensure the safety and hygiene of drinking water for poultry.
Fourth, do a good job of ventilation and cooling measures. Ventilation is the main means to exchange gas inside and outside the house and maintain the air quality in the house, and it is also an important measure for cooling management in summer. When the "wind speed" reaches 1.5m/s, there will be obvious air cooling effect. At high temperature, the temperature of the poultry house can be adjusted by appropriately increasing the ventilation volume. For poultry, the most effective wind speed for cooling is 2.0-3.5m/s , when the wind speed exceeds 3.5m/s, the contribution to cooling hardly increases, and other cooling measures need to be considered.
Fifth, do a good job of "wet curtain" cooling management. Wet curtain cooling is the most commonly used cooling method for poultry houses in summer. It is necessary to do a good job in cleaning and maintaining the water curtain. Thoroughly clean the dust, floating flocs, feathers and other debris on the tuyere of the wet curtain, ensure that the tuyere is fully ventilated, and clean the water curtain pipe in time to avoid dirt deposits blocking the water curtain pipe and breeding microorganisms . After the water curtain and pipes are cleaned, they should be disinfected in time. The cooling effect of the wet curtain is affected by the relative humidity of the air. The higher the humidity, the worse the effect. When the relative humidity of the outside air reaches more than 75-80%, the cooling effect is obviously reduced, and other auxiliary measures need to be taken to cool down. During production, ice can be added to the water curtain water supply pool to reduce the temperature of the water passing through the water curtain, which has an auxiliary cooling effect.
6. Use air energy equipment to cool down. For large-scale poultry houses that use "air energy" heating, since the air energy equipment also has a cooling function, in order to prevent heat stroke in older flocks under extreme conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the air energy equipment can be adjusted to the cooling mode. to assist in cooling. Although the power consumption of air energy equipment in cooling mode is higher, it is still an optional measure under extreme conditions.
Seven, reasonable use of spray cooling measures. Large-scale poultry houses are mostly pre-installed with "fog lines", which are used for disinfection and humidification. In high temperature weather, the spray system is activated to spray cool water, which also helps to cool the poultry house. Poultry houses without fog lines can be sprayed with high-pressure water guns. The spray pipe can also be erected on the roof ridge for fine mist spraying, and the evaporation of water will take away a lot of "heat".
8. Adjust feeding time and light intensity. In high temperature weather, especially in high temperature and high humidity weather, when the cooling pressure in the house is high, try to avoid feeding from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm. If possible, adjust the feed ration structure to reduce body heat gain after eating. Appropriately dim the light, reduce the light intensity, and reduce the heat production of poultry activities.
9. Place ice cubes in the poultry house to cool down. In hot summer, if the conventional cooling methods are adopted, and the extreme weather with high temperature and humidity cannot be dealt with, a large number of ice cubes can be placed in the corridor of the poultry house. Although this cooling method is cumbersome, the effect is often immediate and can be used as an extreme condition. emergency cooling measures.
10. Do a good job of insulating the poultry house. The effective way is to increase the "insulation" ability of the poultry house and block the heat outside the poultry house. At present, it is a more common method to reinforce and thicken the wall and roof and add a thermal insulation layer. For poultry houses that have been built and used, infrared thermal imagers can be used to check one by one, and the overlapping gaps of the enclosure structure are filled with foaming agent polyurethane material, and then sealed with waterproof sealant to improve the air tightness of the outer structure of the poultry house. , thus ensuring the insulation performance of the poultry house.
11. Provide shade and heat reflection. The use of "shading" measures can play a certain degree of heatstroke prevention. For example, sunshade nets and photovoltaic power generation panels can be erected on the roof. In order to facilitate the reflection of sunlight in summer and prevent the accumulation of too much heat, white paint is applied to the exterior walls, gables and roofs on the sunny side of the poultry house to reduce heat radiation. The thermal insulation film currently on the market can play a better role in heat reflection and is also a good choice.
12. Improve the ability of the flock to resist heat stress. Some practitioners reported that some feed additives, traditional Chinese medicines, vitamins, plant extracts, and organic selenium products sold on the market can regulate the body function of poultry and help reduce heat stress to a certain extent, but the application effects are different. Used as an aid.
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